Cape Cod Sail and Power Squadron, Inc. Cape Cod, Massachusetts A Unit of United States Power Squadrons® Sail and Power Boating – America’s Boating Club®
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Squadron Members please provide notice of your intent to attend a class by contacting the
instructor listed in the Porthole or contacting the SEO prior to the start date of the first class.
The following is a USPS member course
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Junior Navigation
Date: 6 May 2008
Time: 1930-2130
Place: 70 Garfield Lane, West Dennis
Cost: $110.00
Junior Navigation
The advanced grade course is the first of a two-course program of Offshore Navigation for the
recreational boater. Students learn about current offshore navigation electronic tools and software as
well as conventional route planning techniques. Students also learn traditional celestial navigational
skills to determine position, using these techniques to check their electronics and as the backup
navigation technique in the event electronics fail.
ELECTRONICS IN THE OFFSHORE MARINE ENVIRONMENT – Students will continue to use GPS as the
primary position sensor, as they learned to do in the advanced grade prerequisite courses Piloting
and Advanced Piloting. The offshore environment impacts how one uses the GPS and other electronic
tools; students will learn about some of these considerations.
SUBSTITUTING CELESTIAL OBJECTS FOR TERRESTRIAL LANDMARKS – While offshore, visible
terrestrial landmarks are no longer available to the navigator as reference points. Students will learn
to substitute celestial objects such as the sun as a reference point. The course begins with the study
of celestial navigation, teaching students to take sights on the sun with a marine sextant and derive a
line of position from that observation.
The sun represents but a single reference point, so students will apply the principles of the running
fix learned in Advanced Piloting, and be able to plot a running fix of one’s position from the sun
sights. Once the student has learned the basics of celestial sight reduction, the course continues with
planning, positioning, and checking one’s position the offshore environment, using both electronic
and celestial tools.

Winter sunset sightings (1610-1656) on Moon, Venus and Mars